Modern visual recovery operations are high -profile and safe procedures that allow us to eliminate almost any ophthalmic problem.They have been used successfully for decades, so the methods are constantly evolving, expanding and more efficient.Improving visual functions is achieved by hardware correction of the cornea, lens, retina and eye optical system.Properly selected technology allows not only to restore vision, but also to reduce the risk of complications.The article will find out what ophthalmic operations, use signals and possible risks exist.
Type
Due to the development of medicine hardware methods, visual and minimally invasive procedures are reliable and minimally invasive.Their duration does not exceed more hours and there is no need for complex rehabilitation measures in the future.The choice of surgical treatment is chosen depending on the illness, age and general condition of the patient's visual device.
Laser correction
The most popular operation is the type of operation to correct visual acuity.Nowadays, these are polished high -level methods that have high efficiency and minimal complications.Allow me to cope with myopia, distant vision and astigmatism.After the procedure, visual acuity is maintained for a long time, and if you follow all the instructions of the ophthalmologist, you can completely avoid repeated intervention.There are many types of laser repair:
- Lasik- The basic type of restoration of visual acuity.First, the surface layer of the cornea is separated by a microcaraata and then a change of shape by laser radiation.The main disadvantage of this type of correction is that it is unable to take into account the unique characteristics of the patient's eye anatomy;
- Super Lasik.An advanced version of traditional Lasik methodology.It allows you to achieve a better result by taking into account the structure of the patient's visual system.It is used in the most modern clinics in the world;
- Femto Lasik.A similar type of operation, the only difference is that the corneal cut is not done by a microcarse but a special femo laser.There is an improved version in which the course of the operation depends on the patient's unique characteristics - Super Femto Lasik;
- Epi-lasik.The mechanism of the procedure is the same as the traditional LASIK method, but this operation is only prescribed for thin cornea (acquired or congenital) patients;
- PRK (frk)- The photo refraction keratctomy has been carried out since 1985.Today it is used in the presence of contraindications to the usual correction methods, such as a fine cornea and severe ophthalmic diseases.The healing process is always painful, and the recovery period lasts longer than in other methods.
Visual correction operations last for up to 15 minutes.After the procedure, it is necessary for several hours with a protective bandage and a 1-2 month drop.The risk of complications is minimal, and repeated treatment requires a significant reduction in vision.
Vitrectomy
This is a procedure for complete or partial removal of the glassy body of the eyeball.It is carried out during general or local anesthesia and passes within 2-3 hours due to lack of complications.First, a small puncture to the eye, through which subsequent manipulations are performed.As a general rule, this is the cauterisation of the laser of the affected areas of the retina, the laser of the restoration of foreign thickening or the integrity of the tissue.The procedure is prescribed for the following problems:
- Restoration of visual functions in the eye tissues after bleeding;
- Prevention of retinal detachment associated with age;
- Treatment of severe retinopathy in the eyes in which coarse scars or neovascularization (germination of blood vessels) occur.
Artificial polymers, gas bubble, silicone oil or balanced saline are used to replace the glass body.The latter type is more often used because there is no need for a repeated operation in the future - salt solution is later replaced by intraocular fluid.
After surgery, side effects are possible in the form of swelling of the cornea, intraocular pressure, or even vision.Recovery and forecast depends on the power of the lesion and the type of prosthesis when replacing the glass body.If there are irreversible changes in the optic nerve, vision correction is almost impossible.
Scleroplasty
A general ophthalmic procedure aimed at strengthening the exterior of the eye (sclera).It is not required to correct visual functions, but to stabilize patients' shortviews from the risk group.We recommend that the problem be performed by adolescents, as the shape of the eye at this age is actively changing.
During surgery, the metabolisms needed to strengthen the sclera are introduced behind the back wall of the eyeball.They usually use polymers or biological components.Subsequently, a spike occurs with the outer shell of the eye and, after a few months, the blood vessels needed to maintain visual functions are needed to grow in the wing.There is a simplified version for scleroplastics.This is the introduction of an artificial or biological material for the eyeball.In such a technology, the mechanism of action is the same - prevents the eyeball from growing.
Scleroplasty
This is a well -tested operation that is virtually unchanged over the years.Most clinics are done.There was virtually no side effect except possible allergies to the drug.The second operation is usually required.
To replace the lens
The necessary operation prescribed during clouding or any other degenerative process of the lens, such as cataracts.Treatment is always forced, but the implant is selected separately, depending on age, gender and severity of the pathological changes of the eye.Crystalus replacement is prescribed in the following cases:
- High level of short -sightedness and remote vision;
- Significant decrease in refraction;
- regeneration processes in the face of the age of vision;
- impossibility of restoring laser vision;
- Gray cataract;
- The likelihood of developing glaucoma is against the background of systemic or ophthalmic disease.
The procedure is always under local anesthesia.During surgery, the surgeon performs a small incision with a laser, then the patient's lens dilute with a special tool and removes it from the eye.After that, a prepared transplant is installed.The intervention lasts up to 25 minutes, and the seams are not required and the hospital healing is not required.
The operation is performed at most private and state clinics.After manipulation, there are usually no complications, but the later laser vision correction is often prescribed.In rare cases, the lens is needed to reinstall.
Keratoplasty (replacement of cornea)
One of the most modern and complex ophthalmic operations that involves a lot of risks and requires high qualification of the surgeon.It is necessary to restore the anatomical integrity and physiological functions of the cornea.It is prescribed to treat congenital or acquired errors as a result of injuries or illnesses.Healthy material for transplantation is taken into account only in the donors, but artificial exchange is developed in many countries.Keratoplasty is recommended to solve the following problems:
- Treatment of corneal diseases (belko, sound disorders);
- mechanical or chemical damage;
- Congenital errors.
The operation is performed for up to 30 minutes.During the procedure, a surgeon with a laser or special scalpel removes part of the patient's cornea and the donor tissue of the implants.The seams can exist for up to a year and then select a special lens to reduce the risk of infections.The healing period comes from 4 weeks, which requires the antibiotic, but regular examination is required for the following year.
In recent years, a significant reduction in rejection of donor tissue has been possible, as it was the use of special compositions during processing and preservation.
The coagulation of the retina laser
The way to restore the retina tissue.The effectiveness of the method is more than 70%and can return to the usual lifestyle 24 hours after implementation.Ophthalmologist's observations are needed within one year after the procedure.
Nowadays, the operation is performed with a laser, which allows you without loss of blood.The anesthesia is carried out according to the local parts and the procedural time lasts up to 20 minutes.
Before exposure to the laser, drips for expanding the learner and then placed on a special protective lens through which the exposure is done at low frequencies.Due to high temperatures, gluing of damaged cells and small blood vessels.
The coagulation procedure is necessary for any damage and pathology of the retina, as well as the eyes and diseases of this organ.After surgery, inflammation and clouding are possible.For a few years after the correction, it is impossible to go into heavy physical work and active sports.
Cross -bar
It is an effective method for treating various diseases of the cornea.In corneal tissues, they are used to strengthen leagues and other fibers, which is required for keratoconus of different degrees or degenerative procedures, dystrophy.
The operation is performed during local anesthesia.First, a small portion of the cornea is cut off with a special device and vitamin B2 is inserted into the open area.Subsequent irradiation allows more than 200%compact of tissues.In the first week after surgery, a protective contact lenses should be worn for 6 months, which is examined by a doctor.The effect of the procedure lasts for 10 years and then repeated operation.
Complications can be observed in rare cases.The patient can reduce vision, corneal inflammation or obscure.
Treating glaucoma
Various degrees of ophthalmology are required if medication has not yielded the necessary results.The operation is performed with a laser or surgery.
The laser method is considered the most successful.It is completely painless for the patient and there is virtually no complication.During the process, a hole is made with a beam through which the liquid is removed from the tissues of the eye to normalize pressure.It is used to treat all types of glaucoma.
The manual surgery operation is less effective as there is a risk of complications after the procedure.As a general rule, this is a non -spraying deep sclectomy.The purpose of the method is to reduce intraocular pressure by slightly thinning the cornea layer.
The effect after both types of operations is reduced over time.After an average of 5-7 years, a second operation is needed.This period can be extended by the competent drug treatment.
Conclusions
Nowadays, at the most modern ophthalmic clinics, many surgical procedures are performed for vision correction.These are accurate, high -level methods to solve almost any eye defects.The choice of the method depends on many factors - age, illness, the unique characteristics of the structure of the patient's visual system.After the operation, the effect occurs almost immediately, and if all the doctors' prescriptions can be observed, the visual acuity can be retained for a long time.